《《重生之我是影后》》最新章节_《重生之我是影后》无弹窗

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杨坚琳

Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangMr YANG Liusong, a Chinese who just finished the first solo traverse over Chang Tang by cycling from west to east in recorded human history, shared his stunning Expedition with all of us through the forum 8264 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-512349-1-1.html . In order to share his legendary journey with those who cannot read Chinese, I translate his story to English here, which has been approved by Mr YANG Liusong. Hope you guys enjoy it.为了让杨同学的传奇能让全世界的驴友分享，俺决定把杨同学的帖子翻译成英文。为了避免麻烦，俺先来个免责声明：1。杨同学不认识俺，也没有授权俺，如果他说不要翻译了那俺就随时终止；2。俺没有商业目的，译版版权归杨同学，俺啥也不要，也不承担法律责任；3。没有杨同学授权，不敢擅自发在国外网站，发在原帖处，荣誉归8264；4。俺英语水平有限，欢迎指正，欢迎转贴。 Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangBy Yang LiusongIt has been three months since I traversed the unpopulated region in the Great Chang Tang. There are many like-minded asking me about it. I now present this thread to briefly tell everybody about my journey.The starting point of this traverse was from the highest peak of the western part of the Tibetan plateau, Jieshan Daban, and the day was April 20, 2010.I was heading eastward passing Bungdag Co, Yanghu Co, Rola Co, and Kangzhagri Mountain, which crossed over the desolate region from west to east. The journey continued northward to enter the unpopulated area of Altun Mountains, through Hoh Xil Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, Whale lake, ..., finally met some people by the Aqqikkol Hu and then arrived in Huatugou by vehicle three days later and that day was July 5. It had been 77 days in total. I had been all alone 74 days after leaving Jieshan Daban until arriving inAqqikkol Hu, which was about 1400km and about four months.[The Great Chang Tang] In Tibetan, "Chang Tang" means northern empty wilderness while narrowly, means unpopulated region in northern part of Tibet. However, it actually indiCATes all of the no man's land in northern. The great Chang Tang includes desolate places in Northern Tibet, Hoh Xil, Alun Mountains, and Kunlun Mountains, which are interconnected to form the unique and super empty wilderness in the world. Only because Hoh Xil is the most known name, most people just think this vast land is equivalent to Hoh Xil. In reality, Hoh Xil is only a small piece of the Great Chang Tang both administratively and geologically. The Great Chang Tang, the last land to chase your freedom and dream.The route that I traversed ForeplayI arrived in Tibet in the early March, a couple of troubles bothered me. The brand new plug got its positive and negative wrongly connected; the rivets of my rucksack eASIly got broken from now and again; and a multi-functional charger got damaged and so on. Riding my bike to Ngari for warming up of this journey, lost my rucksack but later got it back; lost my camera bag and got it back later again, and finally lost a big bicycle pannier in the street of Gyangze town under the eyes of police, including clothes, solar panel and so on.Without much choice, I returned to Lhasa to adjust all the stuff I would need in the wilderness. Then I begged some luck by going to Nyingchi to enjoy the blossoms of peach trees and to take a hot spring bath. I even had the privilege to enjoy time with ten girls in the hot spring. I felt my bad luck had all gone and then returned to Lhasa again to prepare going to Ngari. I did not expect that I was cheated on by some hustler and lost some money and delayed my schedule for a week. I had to find a car myself quickly to Nagri. However, I lost the tool for fast-parting my rear wheel on my way to Nagri, where was a remote area in Tibet and nowhere to buy the tool. Even if there was one in Lhasa it would take at least ten days for a special delivery service. I was lucky that my mate Duola asked a driver to bring the tool for me from Lhasa. I thought there should be no more nightmare like this but the nozzle of my brand new multi-fuel stove was broken. The next day I tried everywhere to weld them back together. The first three shops could not do the welding for copper. The fourth one said they could do it but could not guarantee a sUCCess. The engineer said it would be ten Chinese yuans if it was a success. I agreed. Just in seconds, my nozzle became crap in a flash of lightening. I was so upset. Again, Duola helped me by bringing her own MSR oil stove and Dingding's sleeping bag to Nagri. That was already April 16 and I did not have much time to waste. The following day I found a vehicle heading to Jieshan Daban.The sand storm over Yarlung Zangbo RiverA lonely peach tree blossoming in Yarlung Zangbo Grand CanyonNatural hot spring in wild, me singing and drinking (photo by a friend of mine) Day 1(April 20), 16km, Camping 5192mIt was a truck with a full load of iron wastes, arriving in Jieshan Daban at 6'o clock in the morning. It was still night and extremely cold and dark. Driver was not bothered to pop his head out of the driving cab. I climbed up on the top of the iron wastes, taking my bicycle down. In a hurry, I punched my old water bag. Fortunately I had another MSR water bag given by a friend of mine otherwise I would definitely fail without even starting my journey. For the first time for me to set up the brand new tent in strong, cold winds. It would be impossible to do so if the tent was not a whole piece. Extremely cold outside, about -15C, might be lower than that, I put my head into the sleeping bag but was nearly suffocated to death, honestly. The smell of Dingding's sleeping bag was, lol, so extraordinary. I woke up around 11 o'clock. There were still strong winds outside so that I had to use my bodyweight to keep the tent in place. At the time when I just started to cook and eat, four patrolling soldiers approached me. To their surprise someone, in this season, camped in Jieshan Daban. I was so nervous and afraid they were the people to block my journey because I was caught and deported from the desolate land last year. Luckily the four soldiers did not know my destination and were very kind to me. After they left, I immediately packed my stuff and pushed my bike into the depths of the unpopulated area just in case anything unexpected happened.The bike was very heavy due to the provisions and hard to control. There was even a quite small hill that I had to remove my bike panniers to get over it. This really struck me because this happened even the path was still the hardship one at the moment and I could not imagine what I would do once I entered the uncertain, endless wilderness. Until now I had not met anyone, even the nomadic pastoralists. I remembered there were quite a few of them roaming at the edge of the northern Tibetan plateau last year. All of these indicated it was not the good pasture season in such low temperature and strong winds. Around 16km there was a sheep cote, where I passed it last year, east of Lungmu Co. I was exhausted at this point so that I decided to camp in here and to rest my head. After arranging tent everything I went out to look for the wetland discovered by Duola and Liumeng last year. I was determined to find it.There were many hot springs in the wetland which were underground water with a constant temperature. The wetland therefore became an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such harsh weather, which was the very unique land feature of terrain in this over 5200m highland.Perpetual snow in the valley blown to corn shape by strong windsThis wetland was discovered by Duola and Liumeng. The workers at a nearby mine did not know it and I too missed it last yearUnderground water with a constant temperature, an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such icy weather 感谢大伙儿支持和加分，不一一回复了。特别感谢多啦，希望能有机会一起喝酒吃肉。 Day 2 (April 21), 0km, Camping5192mBlustering gale all night, up and down like ocean waves. The next day rather than continuing to travel, I stayed inside the sheep cote, hesitating and pondering over. Indeed, there were so many problems before this journey;I did not have sufficient physical preparation;the load had already reached its limitation; I still coughed a lot;the weather was so extreme and cold. All in all, I did not think this journey was well prepared and I did not have confidence in completing this journey mentally and physically. To do, or not to do, it was the question. Similarly I did not have confidence in my facilities, not knowing whether all of them would work functionally or not. The fact was one of the rivets got broken again and the front rack came loose. In the afternoon, I replaced all the rivets of the panniers with screws I had prepared before. This was an excellent job I had done which gave me no further troubles throughout my whole journey. I also re-adjusted the front rack. However I did not think it would definitely all right because I did not have a tool to do it. When the darkness descended,I made up my mind to continue my journey, which, of course, was not beyond any imagination. Orchid-like weedsSmall springs everywhere, clear and chillyA thin layer of ice covering the fresh spring water The sheep cote, it was the door under the sleeping bag, which was in the same place as last year, everything looked like yesterdayThe wetland at duskLungmu Co at dusk. You could hear the gigantic sound of wind if the picture had a sound Day 3 (April 22), 52.4km, Camping 5145mGot up in the morning, could not put everything into the bags. Without much choice I had to throw away three portions of tsampa, elbow pads, and crampons. Following the road of the lead-zinicmine I found the side path to enter the wilderness, which was on the riverbed and very hard to see. I missed this side path last year so that I had to take a short cut into the wilderness directly then. That was why I had taken extra care to find the side path. The following journey was to get over a big hill, which lay 5275m above sea level and was the highest point of my whole journey. Around 2 o'clock in the afternoon, I passed the side path leading to Orba Co and started a journey which was complete strange to me. I ate a piece of pilot breads, which was frozen like rocks so that I had to use my spade to crush it. At 6 o'clock in the evening, I had pushed plus rode my bicycle for about 32 km. I reckoned I should have been able to double this if I did no carry such heavy load. The wind became stronger and stronger. I opened the parasail kits and tested it. The result was far beyond what I expected. With the aid of the strong wind I was just like flying over the wilderness. After 8 o'clock in the evening, I started to observe the water Source and to get ready to camp. Map showed there were successive springs along the path and assembled to puddles. But I had overestimated the water source here in this land and in this season there were endless wilderness inside the valley, where I could not see a single drop of water. As it became darker and darker, I felt a little bit nervous which resulted in three spokes of the parasail broken and became a useless rubbish. Anyway, it helped me to move forward 20km more which benefited me a lot later on. When time approached 9.30 pm, it was almost completely dark. I had to lie my bike on the ground and went on to try to find water on the north side of the valley. This was a wide and flat sandy land, where I could not see any ditches there and further was complete darkness. I returned to get my GPS to look up the contours and found the south part of the valley was closer to a hill so I took the way. Finally I found a piece of ice in a ditch. I smashed about 20litre of ice. The ice was quite shallow scattered with sheep poo. On my way back, my eyes were hurt by strong winds, which got me a couple of days to recover. It was nearly 23 o'clock after I set up the tent. It also took about 40 mins to melt the ice. I was so tired and my appetite was completely spoiled. I then had a little bit of milk. I had never expected thing would go like this, it was so distressing. Streams along the path, ice everywhereThe river flew into Matou Hu, in whose north part there was a satellite lake, a wonderful ice-skating court It took 40mins to melt the ice in midnight Day 4 (April 23), 31km, Camping 5028mA cloudy day with gusts. From now and again, hails chased me from behind. Sunny spell. Heavy sandy land made me have to push my bike. At 3pm, I arrived at Luxing Hu, where there was a house made of clay. This was the last permanent building of my journey. Last year, Duola and Liumeng once lived in this house for three days without meeting anybody. It seemed it was the same but the truck parking in front of the house made me worry about. I went to the sheep cote first to check over, where there were only a few lambs following me everywhere I went later on. This made me feel warm in my heart. I observed farther places using my binoculars but could not see any people or sheeps. After making sure there were no people around I opened the locked door using a screwdriver. The living room was very clean. There were two boxes of beverages on the ground and a string of cured lamb legs hanging over in the interior room. A pot of water was on the top of the stove, lukewarm, which indicated the host must be not far away from his home. I filled up my water bag and left the house. I also put the screws back to the door in order not to leave any trace of my visiting. I then took a spanner from the toolbox of the truck, which gave me great help for the rest of the journey.I left the house as quickly as possible. After last year's experience, the nomadic pastoralists were the last people I wanted to meet. A few hundred meters away from the house, the vehicle traces were fading fast. Even downhill, I had to push rather than to ride because of the heavy loose sand. From the route point of view, only after Luxing Hu it was the real unpopulated land. After many days, I thought of the lamb legs from time to time. It was pity that I then had plenty of provisions and the bike was too heavy to carry anything more. Continue to melt the ice under the morning sunshine, all of the sheep poo had been removed carefullyCamping site, the little hill over there was the place where I got the ice last nightThe house by the Luxing Hu, empty, the last permanent building I saw throughout my journeyDay 5 (April 24), 19.8km, Camping 4951mSet off at 10.30 in the morning, the weather was similar to yesterday. Probably this road was the high plain or somewhere the wind passed so that it was so windy. The average wind speed was degree 6 but could reach degree 9 in the blick of an eye. The road was still full of sand and very heavy to walk on it. My eyes became worse under such harsh weather. About three o'clock in the afternoon, I saw something in my right, looked like antenna. I went closer to see what it was and found out it was an iron tower (the triangulation station). In 1970s, a joint team from Chinese three military regiments entered this area doing research. They have left a lot of triangulation stations and benchmarks, which I had the priviledge to see them today.At dusk, I approached to a spring by the Bungdag Co, which flew into the frozon lake. The sand and soil, brought by the strong wind, scattered on the surface of the ice all over the lake. There were so many cracks around the icey surface of the lake. I geussed it must be caused by the springs under the water rather than by melted ice. In the west of the Bungdag Co was the side path leading to Keriya Pass, where a SUV could reach directly. I had looked out any vehicle Tracks but failed. The cloudy sky started to snow. I set up the tent comfortably because I knew that I was safe having such a sweet spring beside me.Triangulation station erected by scientists from the joint research team on Chang Tang of three military regiments in 1971[size=+0]The gap between water and ice in Bungdag Co, I guessed there must be some springs under the lakeThe storm just above the ground, a chaotic darkness[size=+0]Icy Bungdag Co,one of the four biggest lakes in Northern Tibet, wild ducks flying over this vastness and lonenessSnowing at any time, should not happen so frequently like this in this seasonDay 6 (April 25), 4.3km, Camping 5002mWeathering landforms everywhere around this area. Spongy volcanic rocks could be found easily. I pushed my bike turning around a small hill, seeing a big river, the Yinshui He, flowing from Orba Co into Bungdag Co, which I had been to its upstream last year. It was also a passage for animal migration. The downstream of the river was extremely wide and broad. The thickess of the ice layer could reach one meter with the main stem in the middle course of the river, very deep. There were a few springs along the river, sweet and clear.I only went forward a little bit more than 4km but I had walked more than 20km for finding my way. It was not possible to cross the main stem, let alone the north bank of Bungdad Co. What I could only do was to try to find a shallow place to cross. But the southern area was a even larger piece of wetland and forced the road turn towards west. I spent a couple of hours but failed to find a good point to cross the river. In the afternoon, I decided to follow the edge of the wetland. When I reached the hill foot, the wetland finally disappeared. Around this area, there were clearly volcanic feature of terrain and I even found traces of pasturing and cairns made from volcanic rock.Here was the last pasturing trace I found throughout my journey, I guessed it was a summer pasture area. After this, there was no clear sign of human activities in this vast wilderness. I had been looking for my ways until it was dark. I made up my mind where to go TOMOrrow. The terrain here looked like Yardang landforms, as well as volcanic landforms The Yinshui He river from Orba CoSprings scattered all over the river bank, painted green by lovely algaeThe river was very deep. The mixture of green and amber colour showed the sand and mud carried by the melted iceThick layer of ice, sunken surface caused by strong gustsThe south course of the Yinshui He, countless small streams. To the right was the wetlandLooking for ways in the east, a trace of pasturing and the cairn made from spongy volcanic rocksMy camp, opposite to the hillDay 7 (April 26), 11km, Camping 5009mI moved forward to the direction I found yesterday, turning around the wetland and walking toward east. At 2pm, I was blocked by the zigzag Yinshui He again and I had no choice but to cross it. The river was about 700m wide, covered by ice which appeared very different. The hanging ice, the folding ice, the piling-up ice, the icy puddle, and the sleet were everywhere along the river bank. Having noticed all of these, I reckoned the river would be receding at dusk, which was why there were so many different shapes and forms of ice. I put my slipper on, going into the main stream of the river. I found there were at least three different courses of the river, the thickness of the surface ice varied and the river water reached above my knees. I sighed there would be no way back once I crossed this river. There are many ways in one's life too, you can only take it once and you will no long have the courage to repeat it.I pushed the bike crossing the river. Some of the ice was a bit soft, jamming the tyres so that I had to use my feet to break them first. Some of the ice was a bit thick but with half-melted underneath, sticking the the bike completely, some of the ice was half-water half-ice with a sandy riverbed, which was really hard to pass. I had to remove all of the panniers at the last stage of the crossing. I spent the whole four hours to cross the river, my legs got many bloody cuts. At 6pm, the surface ice was almost disappeared completely, the river level rapidly rising to a chaotic status. I thought if I hesitated a little bit at that time, I could not have the courage to cross this river under such circumstances. The river bank was unimaginably sandy and was quite steep. I had to unloaded the panniers again to reach the top of the bank. By the time of sunset, the weather became exceptionally good. The sunlight from the descending sun, the blue sky, the faint moon, .... I liked such a colorful and peaceful Chang Tang and very much enjoyed my camp and myself bathed in such beautiful colour.The ice like this was very thin and suspended, far away from the main stemHard surface with half-melted underneath, the soft sand at the botton was most scaryThe ice like this could easily jam the wheels, hard to get it outI had to unload the panniersChaotic water and terrible hails turned up in no timeThe Chang Tang at the moment liked it used to be,a mixture of cold and warm tones under the golden setting sun Day 8 (April 27), 14.6km, Camping 5112mLast night, I forgot to bring in the odometer, which was out of order due to the coldness in midnight. Since then I used GPS to check the mileage. The digital thermometer was no longer working. I had to use mercury thermometer to collect data. Night temperatures were basically between –15℃—–20℃ while the temperature inside my tent was about –10℃. The advantage of the integrated tent was that it limited the ventilation so to keep warm inside. However, it got clearly disadvantage of heavy condensation and dew. Every morning, there was plenty of frost inside the tent so that I had to put my hood on First Before fully getting dressed. The winds in Chang Tang finally became consistent with the pattern I had researched the other day no or very tiny wind in the morning, strong wind started after 2pm, and then at around 8pm its strength was reduced again. The accuracy of this prediction was about 80%.The road was very bad today. I walked whole afternoon in an ancient riverbed and it was so difficult that I had to use all of my strengths to move a small step forward and then to stop to breath, slower than a snail. After five hours' struggling, my eyes got wet when I saw the grassy river bank. Finally! The nightmare was over.Cold and clear morningHeavy morning condensation in the interior, a lot of frost to clearSuch dawning sunlight indicated a cloudy day ahead Day 9 (April 28), 18km, 5072mIn the morning I entered a range of sandy roads which were so terrible. The solar panel specially designed for GPS got short circuited. After checking it was found to be the diode got damaged. Luckily I got a replacement. Because the GPS was exclusively supplied by a solar panel so that it was no longer a problem for the power supplement of GPS. In a period of 70 days, I did replace the battery once, which saved me a lot of alkaline batteries. I did have another solar panel of 5.4 W which was used specifically for 7.5V Camera, DV and other digital facilities. Unlike water, I had never been short of power.At 7pm in the evening, I arrived at Pur Co. The surface of this lake was very odd the ice by the river bank rose and the river bank was broken, I reckoned that was due to the strong winds. The ice there was mingled with something yellow, could be the stain of alkali. There were many wild yaks on the other side of the lake. There could be two brown bears but I could not be for certain. On the east side of the lake, there was a peninsula leading to the centre of the lake. I camped just opposite to the peninsula. At night , I smashed the ice to get drinking water, which tasted alkali. For the first time I cooked the cereals, which was brought completely by accident. This was just because I found there was a little bit of extra space when I was in Nagri packing the stuff for this journey so that I bought two packs of cereals. It tasted disgusting, probably there was too much alkali in the water. I threw away half of it. Later I realised that probably I subconsciously felt that the provisions was so heavy. I would rather make it lighter at any cost.Dry all my stuff in the morning sun, a routine matterA faint dusk in Pur CoThe river bank pushed up by ice and opened like zipper by gustsThe pushed up surface of the iceThe place where I got my drinking water, a thin layer of ice behind the ablation corns The moment just before sun set, glittering Pur Co, nothing was the same差点儿没找到俺自己的帖子，原来变色了。多谢各位鼓励。 Day 10 (April 29), 16km, Camping 5141mIn the morning, I walked around the north bank of the Pur Co， where it were continuous ups and downs sprinkled with light yellow sprouts across the sparse grassland. The wild yaks clustered into small groups. All of a sudden, there was a group of five of them running towards me, blowing a huge cloud of dust with the power of thunderbolts,I believed that anyone who did not know the characters of the wild yaks must be frightened to death under such circumstances. The fact was the wild yaks in groups never injured people. Rushing to you just to show you its territory. When they approached people at certain distance, they would turn sharply and run away, and then stopped somewhere high to stare at you. You can not imagine that the wild yaks were very cautious animals compared with its almost one ton of weight. Their first reaction, when meeting people, was to raise their tails, the front hooves rubbing against the ground, the horns pointing forward, the eyes redden, and the long body hair shaking, all of which showed their determination to fight.This was the warning sign that you should retreat. However, you should realise that this was only a gesture that they were afraid of you and wanted to scare you away. The thing was that if you were not afraid of them and moved forward, they would run away in no time. There were only some mad yaks attacking people, which was really rare to happen. In Chang Tang, an experienced driver know that it is very dangerous to pass directly from two or three lonely wild yaks. They always tried to avoid confronting them directly. If this was not possible, they would lit a cigarette, smoking, to wait until the yaks walked away themselves. This was because the wild yaks really could attack vehicles, which was not completely rumors. I once asked them why I had not been attacked. They told me that because my bike was so small they would not be bothered to attack it. My own experience was that approaching a wild yak very slowly, do not look into its eyes, and ignored what it was doing. As long as it moved forward a little bit, just stop and give the yaks a little bit of time to think. Because if you forced the yak, it could be themost dangerous animal in the world and nothing could stop them killing. Even a gunshot could not kill it but only left a small hole in its skin. In the past, the nomads living near this land would use yaks' skin as chopping board which was very much endurable. At noon, I lost my balacLAVA, which was brand new and I had never used it once. I could not be bothered to go back tofind it. This resulted in that I had to have my fleece hat day and night in the rest of my journey, which did not provide fully protection from the sun in the plateau. But somehow I was all right, perhaps because my skin is similar to those of yaks, lol. At around half past one, I found a deserted Jeep, upside down. I felt it could be there for years and it could be the vehicle of someillegal HUNTERs. Nowadays, we have wildlife conservation reserves in Chang Tang and the animals here are well protected. However, some people kills the wild yaks to sell them as the domestic yak's meat. In general, it is worth 10,000 Chinese yuans for a single wild yak. Therefore many people take the risk to make money. They often enter the unpopulated areas to hunt and their activities can reach 200 km in diameter. This is why the wild yaks in the deep wilderness are less afraid of people than thoseat the boundaries of the Chang Tang region.There once happened that a wild yak mother revenged its baby's murder in the Altun mountains. Its horns pierced the killer's chest and held his body over its head for more than ten days, which was very touching.Around 3pm, I walked out of the Pur basin. The next point was Hong Shan Daban and then it was the Yueya Hu by the Toze Gangri. At this time I found a vehicle track from south to north. I checked over but could not find the way where they had gone. I took my map, GPS, and compass, climbing up a small hill to estimate the location of Hong Shan Daban. The mountain was very round and it was hard to find the mountain pass. After determining the location of the Daban, I moved straightforward. When I passed a messy grassland, I saw something that I was reluctant to see more than hundreds of wild yaks' head scattered all over, which was definitely the scene of the illegal hunting. After that it was a very long ancient river bed with soft sand slowly rising until the foot of the mountain.There are some spines on the surface of the tongues of wild yaks, which are used by nomads in this area as combs. They use them from their teens to the time when their hair becomes silver.The deserted Jeep, could be left by illegal hunters years agoThe slaughtered wild yaks with the wheel size heads. Some of the skulls were chopped into half. Why was that? Could be taken away for making combs?My camp at the foot of the Daban underthe lingering golden rays of the setting sun. Tomorrow's weather must be wonderful, I reckoned Day 11(April 30)， 20.4km, Camping 5120mThe surface of the road leading to Hong Shan Daban was very hard, most of them were small rocks, sort of gravels, plus a quite long downhill slope, I pushed my bike more than 20km for the first time after Luxing Hu. The mountain pass was quite flat, just like a broad ridge, it was 5256m above the sea level. Upon arriving at the pass, Toze Gangri of 6356m was in my sight clearly, very much round and there was no back bone like normal snow covered mountains. Most of the snow mountains in Chang Tang looked like this probably it was due to the geological movements. There were quite a few chirus or Tibetan antelopes in the valley but I was not interested in this kind of animals anymore after I witnessed a large scale of migration of such animals last year elsewhere.The herbivorous animals here are very quick to reach its original size of the population, such as wild yaks, chirus, Tibetan gazelle, pika, and marmot. When you go into the depths of the Chang Tang, you could hardly be surpised by the sudden appearance of the chirus because they are so common in here. At this time of year, the chirus have already male-female parted. You could see many pregnant female chirus but hardly see any males. According to recent research, Zonag Co is not the only lake for breeding. There are at least four of them in the whole Chang Tang. Zonag Co, Tuzi Hu, Heishi Beihu, and another lake I can not remember. I think there must be more than four of them and most of the populations do not migrant long way like most people used to think. They generally migrant from south to north between Central Mountains and Kunlun Mountains.The chirus looks very timid but are very curious about outside world. They are not really afraid of people, particularly in the depth of the Chang Tang. The nearest distance we can approach is about 30m. They just stare at you calmly and think who you are and why you move so slow. They would run in front of you. Look like they are afraid of you but the fact is they are playing with you. A man's own character shapes his fortune. This is of course suit for animals too. The chirus are the typical one. They have a super speed and a pair of sharp antlers. If they are crazy, three of them work together could easily kill a wolf. But as you might have known, their antlers are just for fighting to mate with females.Down the Daban there was a very steep and straight road, I tried to ride the bicycle but ended up with falling over. The front rack came loose and one of the pannier flew into valley. The foot of the mountain was the Yueya Hu covered by ice, which was alake full of heavy metal elements. Along the lake bank there were many stark rocks very much weathered, lining up just like castles or houses. This made me stop to investigate what they were from time to time, I did understand they were just rocks though but they were so real like the figures of real people. On of them even made me hide in a ditch, observing them again and again using my binoculars. There were also many black volcanic rocks. All in all, the features of this area were really unusual.Passed over the Yueya Hu, it was an endless ancient lake bed. What my GPS showed was this area was a big lake like tentacles. I looked around, it was endless wilderness without a piece of ice and a drop of water. Roughly, I estimated this lake bed was about 1200 square meters. I had to tell you that Chang Tang was a place where there was no high-resolution map. The marks in the map often were some kind of memory. Just like this ancient lake bed under my feet, may be it was full of water a few years ago. Who knows. Pushing the bike in such an endless lake bed was very easy to get lost. My mind was in a chaotic status too.The migration of the animals, photo taken last year The road rising up to the Daban, full of gravels, very hard, ideal for pushing your bikeThe Yueya Hu gazed at by the round and smooth Toze Gangri. At a glimpse, could you tell which was mountain, which was cloud?Ancient lake bed. The white stains were the alkali, look like ice. About wildlife (part 1)Declaration Personal experience for reference onlyDangerous wild animals and their threats to human beings are a ever-LASTING subject for those backpackers travelling in the wild.In Chang Tang, for example, there are two kinds of deadly animals, one is wolves and the other is brawn bears. As substitutes, wild yaks and crows might be dangerous to you in some circumstances that I will come back to this a little bit later on. As for how to protect yourself against these dangerous animals, I think the primary point is you do not try to hurt them because the emotions of human and animals are same instinctively. [Wolves]Throughout my journey, I met wolves a total of seven times, in which I confronted them five times. As you might have known that wolves have become more and more solitary animals, it is very rare they live in a large group nowadays. Please allow me off the point a little bit and talk about the ecological problems in Chang Tang. The problem is now not the decrease of the number of the chirus but the imbalance of the whole food chain, more specifically, the number of the animals on the higher trophic levels of the food chain has not yet reached its ideal level which results in this kind of imbalance. Particularly, the pikas and the marmots who have lost their predators rapidly expanse which results in the desertification of Chang Tang. As early as the middle of last century, wolves were the dominant predators in the vast wilderness. They became a threat not only to other preys but also nomads pasturing in this land. Therefore, the then government called on people to cull back the population of the wolves in Chang Tang, which resulted in the current situation directly. The last official record about wolves attacking humans was around 1970s, which happened in Bamaoqiongzong. A team of secientists was surrounded by a group of wolves and they had to shoot them using guns. Of course, at present in Chang Tang, wolves are absolutely lonely.In this traverse, the first time I encountered a pair of wolves, one of them staying in front of me pretending to attack me while the other staying behind me. This is the standard attacking strategy of wolves. First, you should not be nervous which can be easily detected by the predators. Second, you should not retreat even an inch because this means you are the prey rather than the predator. Do not make any large movement, of course you could take a picture if you feel safe to do so. You must look into its eyes for a few minutes or even half an hour. When the wolves can not work out who you are and consider you are not posing any danger to them, then they will leave. You should remember that wolves in this land do not lack of food and it is much easy for them to catch a pika than a human. Even if being hungry, they would evaluate how easy to get you done, What you need to do is to show them that you are not interested in them and you are not afraid of them at all, let alone to show your ID card to them. As for the wolves family, really, I have not heard for ages. If you really have an encounter with them and they have no other choice, then it definitely depends on your forture. In fact, for so many year, it has been very rare to happen that wolves kill human. But the rumours are still there, in particular, the road connecting Xinjiang and Tibet.The nearest encounter with a wolf throughout my journey, no conflict at all[Brown Bears]Brown bears are real dangerous animals to human. Every year there are some accidents happened in some regions of Xinjiang on the north side of Kunkun Mountains and steppes in Northern Tibet. More than that the bears could attack your house, smash your windows, and eat your sheep. Therefore, in Northern Tibet some local councils give subsidies to the pastorarists for compensating the losses due to the bears because they are not allow to fight back and kill the bears except their lives are in great danger. Once there was a nomad taught me a method to protect yourself from bears. He told me to pick up a stick to feed the bear and the bear thinks the stick is your hand which tastes disgusting. So the bear would leave. It was so funny but the reality is to find a stick in this vast wilderness is just like you win the lottery.Bears are omonivorous animal who are generally not interested in human flesh. You can find that in most of accidents, the bears did not eat any of the human flesh rather they just smashed them for kind of fun that we could not understand. For the reason why bears kill human, one explanation is the conflict between human and wildlife in this extreme ecological environment. The nomads invade the habitats of the bears, which results in these conflicts. On the other hand, it might be because bears have quite high IQ so that they think it is much easy to kill a sheep in the cote rather than to kill a pika in the wild.I have met bears five times in my traverse, in two cases we were very close to each other. I had even walked with one of them for quite a while, just like we had a date for a walk. The fact is it is not that terrible like you might imagine. The same rules for dealing with wolves apply to bears. Never provoke dangerous animals. A bear can run at a speed of 40km/h, do you think you can compete this in a highland 5,000m above sea level?However, there is a situation where it is really dangerous, that is the encounter. It is not easy to control your instinctive reaction to the external dangers. Last year once I turned around a hill, there was a bear just in front of me. The bear of course was frightened by me with its front legs holding up, waving in the air and roaring. At that time I sat on the ground, ignoring it. The bear then left in a few minutes. Chang Tang is a vast land so that this is not that easy to happen. But if it does happen, really only God can bless you.The nearest encounter with a bear throughout my journey. This bear disappeared in a herd of wild yaks, which I had tried hard to spot, really weird About wildlife (part 2)Declaration personal experience for reference only.[Wild Yaks]I have talked about quite a few, like in the post of Day10. I will no longer talk about it.This was the funniest encounter with a solitary wild yak, who did not warn me. If I sat down, it sat down too. If I moved forward, it stopped. Could not imagine what it was thinking about.[Crows]Crows are dangerous only when you fall unconscious in the wilderness. Of course they will be the first to taste your flesh in that case. Unlike their cousinsliving in urban areas, the crows in Chang Tang have a larger body like eagles. When they fly over your head, you could feel like it is a piece of cloud. They are scavengers but like fresh meat too. It once happened that a baby was killed by crows relentlessly, let alone the lambs got killed by them. Once a nomad asked me for fireworks to scare the crows away. (They are sacred birds not to be killed by human)It is easy to defend yourself against crows, that is to keep fighting, never fall in the wilderness.A short break attracted the crows. Of course, they were miscalculating this time, photo taken last year[Strategies Adopted]At the time when I met the four soldiers in Jieshan Daban, they said there were many dangerous animals in the Northern Tibet and asked me if I had brought a shotgun. I think if they knew that I would enter Chang Tang they would definitely check if I really have a shotgun. The so-called defence facilities I brought with me were the fireworks and pepper spray. I had never used them. The fireworks were ruined and thrown away when I crossed a river and I had never opened the pepper spray. I even had never thought about this when camping in the night. The reason was I did not feel the needs. During the day time whenever I met any animals I had never touched the knife I had brought. I did not have anything to defend myself when I walked out to investigate the route. The Chang Tang is really a vast area so as to be very easy to detect anything strange.By the way, you'd better to avoid mating season's animals because even tamed rabbits could be aggressive in mating season.The thing is even if you have a gun, it is not very much helpful when bears attack you. Therefore, your attitude is most important.I can tell you something. Dogs are more dangerous than these wild animals. I had been chased by Tibetan dogs, pounced on by dogs in mating season, also besieged by a group of dogs. I really feel it is more useful to know how to defend a dog.Declaration again The above experience is from Chang Tang only. Of course, the more you prepared, the better. Day 12 (May 1), 23.8km, Camping 5117mToday was May 1 -- the Labour Day, I had been walking in some lake area marked in the map but clearly dried up. The lake basin was flat and hard so that I even pushed my bike more than 20km. Let it be the special treat for my May Day. After midday it became cloudy with growing winds. Since the Yueya Hu that I passed yesterday, there were no big lakes until Yanghu Co (My route would be between Jianshui Hu and Bairab Co), there was even no light alkaline water to drink so I had to pay extra attention not to miss any possible drinking water supply to fill up my water bag. There were a few very small lakes but all were alkaline puddles which was very shallow, whose depth was no more than the length of a half-finger. These puddles were covered with a hard shell of the mixture of salt and ice which smelled stinking and decaying when getting closer, must be toxic water I supposed. On the shore of this type of small lakes it was muddy soil and very hard to get closer.There was no sign of tundra at all.It was almost half past six when I found some snow corns in a ditch, which was the only drinking water supply of the day. There was a thin layer of melted ice on the surface of the ground near the snow corn, which was very hard to collect and was contaminated by the alkali. The snow corn was the yet melted thick snow, which was shaped like a corn by wind. The snow was quite hard and dry,porous like ice. I crushed a few snow corns, putting them into the water bag.They would be my drinking water tonight. These snow corns were the only one in today's wilderness, I reckoned the reason why they were not melted like others was the soil underneath contained large amount of ice blocks which acted as a freezer.Very strong gale in the night, it was hard to bear the sound of the vibration of the tent. Small single tent was good in the sense that it would not be blown away as long as you stayed inside. But you had to be very careful to set up the tent. I once did not pay much attention when doing so, the tent was blown away by winds, and rolling over like a Giant lantern ... I ran after it, got it back, and was exhausted. In general, it is not possible to fix the tent completely using tent pegs because they were not very much effective like large tents. It was snowing around 23 o'clock, the winds were howling from north,then the falling snow flakes landed on my tent quietly, I finally felt at peace and fell asleep. The flat ancient lake basin, assisting me walking more than 20kmSmall lake en route, toxic waterSnow corns, the only drinking water supply today Day 13 (May 2), 0km, Camping 5117mWaking up in the morning and opening the tent, the heavy snow outside must be sent by the God to force me have a break for the May Day. After lying in for a while, getting up and walking on the snowy ground out I went to have a look around. As first sight there were a herd of chirus. They were plainly to be spotted because they looked like a clear black straight line in the while snow. I returned to get my camera and then followed them to take some pictures. But they were very much alert and kept a quite long distance from me. I felt they were a group of pregnant females, instinctively protecting themselves from any potential harm. I was no longer short of water, the snow gave me a precious supply of drinking water. The problem was that they were very petrol consuming. I tool 8.6 litre of petrol and the oil stove was Duola's MSR. The pot was of 1.5 litre, mainly for boiling water. After several days' experiments, I found that the liquid water needed 16mins and 14-15mins to boil in the morning and evening, respectively. For ice, it would take 35-40mins while for snow it took 45-50mins. Melting snow was a very time and petrol consuming process so if I had a choice between snow and light alkaline water, most of time I would go with the latter. Lying inside the tent, listening to musics,I smoked a cigarette while gazing at the more and more chirus around me. Because it was very cold I had been wearing my shoes all the time. Now I just put my bare feet under the warm sun for some fresh air. I found three cuts in my hands and one in my sole. The cuts were about 4cm in length, looked terrible but it was actually all right really. Half of my toes were injured by to much walking, quite painful. I fetched my medicine bag and found I only got four patches of plasters, a serious mistake. One of the cuts in my hand had never been cured until I was out of this desolate land so as to feel like this finger would drop from my hand at any time. The others quickly recovered in a few days then new cuts appeared elsewhere. This process occurred periodically. I felt that it was somewhat related to the cold, dry weather and the lack of vitamins. The snow rapidly disappeared, which is unique phenomenon in Chang Tang. Because of the low air humidity and the high radiation from the sun, the snow was evaporating very fast, much quicker than the melting speed. Owing to this, the ground was generally still dry after the snow disappeared. In most cases, it would be only 2/5 left in the afternoon around 2 to 3 o'clock and small patches of ground could be seen. It would be completely all right for walking the next day. On the third day there could be some snow left in somewhere the sunlight hard to reach. So generally it could give you three days of water supply after a heavy snow like this. One of the pannier was broken, the most expensive one from deuter series, supposed to be waterproof. I will come back to it at some point later. Everything was covered by snow, no way out Lying in the middle of Chang Tang, listening to Tian Zhen's songs, and smoking Baisha cigarettes, what else can you ask for? The pregnant female chirus in migration, probably heading to Heishi Beihu to give birth([]

天—影院在线观看影片

黄建华

萧县阿诺--河南8日游时间--2010-9-6至9-13日地点--河南人物--萧县阿诺项目--自驾路线和景点6号中午从萧县出发一路310国道,下午2点半到河南商丘,归德府城墙--壮悔堂--候府--归德府文庙--八关斋--张巡祠--应天书院--於伯台,晚上住开封.7号早6点出发一路310国道,景点--巩义市青龙关--宋陵--康百万庄园--杜浦陵园--洛阳白马寺--关林,晚住洛阳,8号上午洛阳龙门石窟--东窟--白园--香山寺--西窟--下午孟津黄河小浪底水库--龙马负图寺--汉光武帝陵园,晚住济源市,9号上午沁阳市神农山--下午青天河,晚住博爱县,10号武涉嘉应观--郑州黄河花园口风景区--黄河国家地质公园--下午楚河汉界风景区,晚住郑州,11号上午新郑市--黄帝故里--郑韩故城--欧阳修陵园--下午始祖山--晚住郑州,12号--登封市嵩山风景区--上午三皇寨--永泰寺--下午少林寺--中岳庙--嵩阳书院,晚住郑州,13号一路310国道回到萧县,来回2000公里黄河小浪底风景区门票40元,从2008年开始,大坝不让游客上了神农顶([]

黄色害羞草实验研究所

林雅茹

楔子最近一直听许巍的新专辑感觉他的声音有与生俱来的一种感伤感受歌者和旋律传递出的自由与信仰风格延续以外编曲配器的精致让人难忘从他曾经的彷徨迷茫到如今安然的心之归属成长的印记历历在耳一旦印证内心坚定所向一切便会有所不同我们一直都会成长在路上其中一首歌世外桃源里面写着从人间到天上从天上再到人间这生生世世的轮回变幻无常此时此刻一切刚刚好我们若都在就已足够---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------时间：2013年2月1日晚深圳出发人物：禾牧目的地：2.2-2.3 马来西亚吉隆坡（转机+过境）城市游览 2.4-2.8 柬埔寨暹粒吴哥金边（转车+过境）城市游览 2.9-2.16 越南西贡美奈大叻会安岘港河内南宁转机深圳----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------地处热带与亚热带的东南亚地区并不像我们将一年分四季所有月份皆炎热于是分为旱季与雨季2月处于旱季少雨禾牧精简行装除相机外仅整理出一个38L的背包仍空出约一个顶包的空间用于机动虽仅是旅行大部分衣物都是快干类的毕竟半月时间频繁更换地址需要大量换洗按时间顺序。出发。2.1傍晚禾牧一个人坐地铁去机场中途换一条线共耗时约一个小时真滴很方便哇check in 过海关过安检候机一切顺利这次是在11月预定的AirASIa从深圳直飞吉隆坡票价含税+机场大巴接近800人民币（因为并不打算写成一篇大大的攻略禾牧实在记不住数字和太多细节记得的部分禾牧会尽量写明白给大家参考不足不细致的地方还请包涵可回帖问）亚航亚洲最大的廉价航空公司巨大的吞吐量和丰富的航线为旅行者提供亚洲及大洋洲的优惠机票在大促时抢票禾牧也是菜鸟这次购买的时机稍晚 11月才确认行程本来可以更优惠大概3折500元所以经验就不赘述了经过两个多小时的夜间飞行灰机降落在吉隆坡的LCCT相比吉隆坡的国际机场条件稍差进入大厅替换店警察执勤点申请过境的柜台在一处面对它们的右手边就是rest room可以整理行装目前的马来西亚过境政策没有变化走航空持有效护照且有第三国有效证和机票可免费申请停留120小时马来西亚与中国同在东八无时差已经是2.2的凌晨在灰机上禾牧在杂志上看见一句话觉得很带劲儿only diamond can cut diamondonly the best can satisfy the best 因为是廉价航空一切从简飞机上不会有免费饮用水和餐食若没有在网上提前预定可以直接在机上购买基本会停在停机坪比较偏僻的位置深圳起飞时有摆渡车吉隆坡降落时要靠人腿不过机场不大并不远另外关于随身行李的问要说明一下亚航有严格的随身行李重量和体积要求不过禾牧38L的背包在这两方面都超出了规定并没有遇见关于此的实际检查我还看见60L的背包上了灰机咨询亚航得到的答复是随身行李属于抽检范围so 一切看人品不过看实际情况检查流程基本已形同虚设只要没有随身违禁品和超液体可以过当地机场的安检就欧了亚航的机场大巴半夜都有亲们不用担心 9-10马币一人打车也是可但是贵贵到市区大概80马币1马币约=2人民币禾牧在市区下车在空旷大街找预定的酒店的事迹就不汇报了大巴的终点中央车站方圆1公里内遍布各种价位丰俭由人的guesthouse和酒店如果亲们也是晚到或者不熟悉地形建议第一晚定在车站周边方便迅速落脚禾牧两晚都住同一地方因为中央车站实在太方便像吉隆坡的交通引擎+指挥部哪儿哪儿都能到基本半小时以内酒店的窗景哇早餐哇有禾牧微博的童鞋们都门儿清哈就不发这儿了第二天上午踏出酒店的街景空气阳光美好热浪热情扑面一路走回中央车站禾牧用出发前在国内换好的美金exchange马币大约1美金=3马币换钱时别忘说一句small change please零钞更好用坐车吃饭方便吉隆坡地下+地上轨道交通很发达也有人工售票窗口窗口就有地图供应所以亲们别发怵体验当地的公共交通也是旅行的美好内容街景+中央车站内景替换店的小伙很热情帮禾牧指路在哪里买车票坐到哪一站多少钱当地人很乐于跟旅行者沟通提供帮助不过前提是你爱微笑say hello并且听得明白他们的卷大舌头英语替换店旁边的明信片禾牧没有买这样带回来给你们看见不是更好根据乘坐的线路不同车票分为纸质和硬币式禾牧需要坐一站去老火车站以及周边的国家清真寺伊斯兰博物馆啥啥的不是因为太炎热+不熟悉地形一站地儿走着去就欧了没有屏蔽门喜欢各种走边边站边边的譬如禾牧本人要注意安全啦还是往里站吧车况还是很好滴崭新新的人况也是安全有序靠谱滴老火车站语言描述太苍白还是看图有真相吧若有时间闲坐长凳等一班车到来停在你面前看来来往往上上下下面部模糊的人群再目送它离开不要觉得是一件没有意义的事情再说也浪费不了很多时间旧旧的老时光印刻在目力所及的一切范围无声的诉说应该就是这样了日光打在上面会留下什么痕迹铁皮车厢不再使用被粉刷的新新的重新接受岁月洗礼蓝红白纯粹的记忆唉禾牧不是经常听梁静茹童鞋的歌少年时代也曾喜欢过小清新的无印良品他们都是马来人民在亚洲音乐界的骄傲当我看着这些老旧到甚至已显出斑驳的场景时心中满是旋律什么旋律不小心忘了应该就是她和他们的其实禾牧喜欢旧时光就像喜欢自己看着它们映照自己从旧时光里翻墙出来不要抱怨太快了点阳光就是满心满眼的来不及躲闪各种地方抬眼就能看见吉隆坡塔所以除非你是个塔迷非登不可否则不用到它的脚下各种遥望并不遥远找准方向向国家清真寺进发从老火车站出来步行到国家清真寺的各种街景这张街角照可以感觉出吉隆坡并不大的市区不远处就可以看见吉隆坡塔和双子星的侧面当然大马高质量的清澈空气也是助力要是放在帝都估计前景的高架都看不清了我们要一起努力保护环境哇下图里面神奇的HOP ON HOP OFF 禾牧没有上车经过清真寺路口的时候偶遇抓拍但是知道它的路线几乎把所有吉隆坡的市区景点一线打尽时间不多且不爱走路的孩纸们可以考虑终于走进清真寺啦呵呵呵其实就一个大路口是我贪玩走得慢国家清真寺局部图当地人对禾牧很热情哇发现我在拍他们不敢太靠近很捉急他们主动打招呼还问我从哪里来不过禾牧奇怪滴是不管走到哪儿哪怕是国内某些地方都会被人问韩国人日本人甚至台湾人最后才是中国人真的长得有这么OMG~~~阳光正好于是一切都是好的不同角度各种侧面(

草莓av线视频在线观看

刘佑泰

之前写五一半脊峰帖子（戳这里：https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1724759-1-1.html）的时候就说要把这几年在北美的时光和大家分享，后来翻了一下发现还真是个大工程，因而迟迟未能动笔。不过说过的话还是要算数，今天算是开始，大家监督我写下去哈。先介绍一下我自己，2010年初出国，在美国待了大半年，后来又在加拿大待了两年，去年年底回来，前前后后差不多3年的时间。因为喜欢到处跑，去过的地方不算多也不算少，算不得多户外，但至少也是自驾。北美的文化风景有它的独到之处，无法尽述，只愿用这些文字照片带大家领略一二，阿林有信心这些照片不会让大家失望的^^。为了保持大家阅读的完整性，完结前就不一一回复了哈，大家就可以点帖子上方的“只看该作者”) 链接：https//bbs.8264.com/forum-viewthread-tid-1751614-extra--authorid-37314335-page-1.html由于涉及的地方比较多，暂时打算分五章：第一章：20天横扫加拿大自驾行之加东只所以以20天这次自驾作为开头是因为这次旅行走的地方比较多，当时又是我一个人全程自助规划，能够给大家一个比较清晰的加拿大印象。这次旅程，涉及到加拿大东部四个城市，落基山脚下三个国家公园以及温哥华周边，为了充分体验加拿大，阿林设计的行程使用的交通工具有飞机、火车、轮渡、租的车和自己的车。行程计划：D1 北京到温哥华，住温哥华(Vancouver) 29楼-39楼 https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1751614-pid-31015296.html加东7日：D2 温哥华飞多伦多，住多伦多(Toronto) 37楼-66楼 https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1751614-pid-31015400.htmlD3 租车前往尼亚加拉大瀑布(Niagara Falls)，当日返回多伦多，住多伦多(Toronto) 83楼-484楼尼亚加拉大瀑布：https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1751614-pid-31018769.html 插播1：冬日的尼亚加拉大瀑布：https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1751614-pid-31019637.html 插播2：London小镇和St. Patrick Day（这个很有趣）https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1751614-pid-31026238.html 返回多伦多&CN Tower：https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1751614-pid-31115574.htmlD4 白天游多伦多城市，傍晚坐火车前往蒙特利尔，住蒙特利尔(Montreal) 485楼-519楼 https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1751614-pid-31115651.htmlD5 上午游蒙特利尔老城区，下午租车前往渥太华，游国会山，住渥太华(OtTAWA) 577楼-670楼蒙特利尔老城区（有华丽的圣母大教堂）：https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1751614-pid-31186421.html 渥太华（国会山）：https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1751614-pid-31230199.htmlD6 开车前往魁北克城，游魁北克老城区，住魁北克(Quebec city) 682楼-743楼 https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1751614-pid-31300030.htmlD7 游魁北克城周的脉脉含情瀑布(Montmorency Falls)和圣安妮大峡谷(Canyon Saint-Anne)，之后开车回蒙特利尔，住蒙特利尔(Montreal) 752楼-791楼 https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1751614-pid-31451398.htmlD8 游蒙特利尔城区，坐飞机返回温哥华，住温哥华(Vancouver) 795楼-811楼 https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1751614-pid-32063074.html本帖：加东部分更新完毕落基山4日：D9 从温哥华开往Valemount镇，住ValemountD10 游Jasper国家公园，开冰原大道(Icefield Pkway)，晚上到Banff国家公园，住BanffD11 游Banff国家公园，开弓湖河谷公路(Bow Valley Pkwy)，游Yoho国家公园，住灰熊镇(Revelstoke)D12 从灰熊镇开回温哥华，途径鲑鱼湾(Salmon Arm)，住温哥华(Vancouver)温哥华周边（都住在温哥华）：D13 卡皮兰诺吊桥(Capilano)，UBC(英属哥伦比亚大学)D14 温哥华城区，格兰维尔岛(Granville island)，史坦利公园(STANLEY park)D15 爬松鸡山(Gross mountain)D16 游白石镇(White rock)D17 游马蹄湾(Horseshoe bay)，走West dyke trail，游渔港小镇StevestonD18 经海天公路(Sea to sky hwy)到德国小镇惠斯勒(Whistler)D19 坐轮渡去维多利亚(Victoria)，游维多利亚D20 打包行李，晚上去Spanish Banks Beach海滩看晚霞第二章：20天横扫加拿大自驾行之落基山（路上遇到小黑熊）第三章：阿林带你深度游大温（含横扫加拿大之大温部分）第四章：美国东西海岸城市之旅第五章：美国非著名国家公园行记这张图片是阿林在北美到过的地方，先给大家看一下) 在北美的时候有个习惯，到了哪里看见了就顺手买个冰箱贴，现在也有不少了。先发一些照片给大家看看，后面还有很多好看的照片哦：尼亚加拉大瀑布 Niagara Falls，位于加拿大安大略省和美国纽约州的交界处，是北美东北部尼亚加拉河上的大瀑布，也是美洲大陆最著名的奇景之一。平均流量5,720立方米/秒，与伊瓜苏瀑布、维多利亚瀑布并称为世界三大跨国瀑布。照片拉了横幅，可能在网页上，反而正常尺寸的才好看，后面再放吧。最左边是彩虹桥，桥的这边是加拿大，那边就是美国啦~左边小一点的属于美国，叫做新娘婚纱瀑布，右边的属于加拿大，是著名的马蹄瀑布。加拿大首都渥太华Ottawa国会山中的国会大厦一角，由维多利亚女王选址在1866年建成。从国会山上俯视渥太华，无法用语言描述的静谧壮美。蒙特利尔Montreal圣母大教堂，建成1829年，位于蒙特利尔市旧城区中心地带，在达尔姆广场对面。据说圣母大教堂是参照法国巴黎圣母院的样式建造的，所以也被称为：“小巴黎圣母院”，同时它也被称作北美最大的教堂。这张照片是教堂内部，相当相当华丽啊！童话的世界：魁北克城Quebec City是魁北克省的省府，魁北克省官方语言为法语，省内大多数居民是法国人的后裔，日常语言是法语。因历史原因，魁北克省和加拿大其他地方在语言、风俗等方面差别比较大，省内有些居民希望该省脱离加拿大的管治。1980年和1995年，魁北克省分别举行过一次全民公决，决定是否脱离加拿大自己独立，但都没有得到过半数选民的同意。加拿大班芙Banff国家公园内弓湖Bow Lake加拿大班芙与美国黄石和澳洲爱象，并列世界三大国家公园。纵贯北美西岸的落矶山脉绵延万里，在美国构成了鬼斧神工的黄石景区，而在加拿大这一段则形成了以班芙为中心的一串宝石般壮丽的景点集群。加拿大Jasper和Banff国家公园交接处的哥伦比亚冰川Columbia Icefield，面积大约为325平方公里，厚度为100到365米，每年降雪量约为7米。 Banff国家公园内的梦莲湖Moraine Lake，它位于十峰山下，海拔高度为1884米，湖泊面积为0.5平方公里。由于梦莲湖是一个冰川湖，因此只有到每年六月底，湖水才到达最高线，折射沉积的岩粉，呈现出美丽的蓝绿色。温哥华内斯坦利公园Stanley park，就在温哥华的市中心，也是我去的最多的一个地方了)这个市内公园总面积为6070亩，几乎占据了整个温哥华市北端。斯坦利公园北临巴拉德湾Burrard Inlet，西临英国湾English Bay，是北美地区最大的市内公园。斯坦利公园人工景物极少，以红杉等针叶树木为主的原始森林是公园最知名的美景。从温哥华到多芬诺Tofino大约需时半天，开车从海天高速公路Sea to Sky Highway前往搭乘渡轮BC ferry，沿途是海天一色，尤其夏季里晴空万里、天色湛蓝，美不胜收。然后还要再开车几小时方可到达。Tofino是著名的观鲸胜地，同时也拥有着壮阔的海岸线。西雅图里的华盛顿大学University of Washington是一所世界顶尖的著名大学，世界大学排名第9位。华大中的建筑歌德式风格为主，中央广场为红砖铺，又叫Red Square。每到4月左右，樱花盛开，景色更是绝美。正对广场的苏赛罗Suzzallo图书馆是典型的歌德式建筑：众多拱门镶嵌人物雕塑，门柱与窗框上都雕有复杂精致的花纹。这个图书馆是华大里我最喜欢的地方。二楼阅览室的彩绘玻璃窗，在夕阳余辉的映照下会发出淡蓝色的光芒，更为这栋庄严而肃穆的建筑增添不少璀璨的色彩。薰衣草盛开的时节，这一年，我刚刚到北美。照这张照片的时候，已经是快要离开了，那一次的郁金香节，真应了“乱花渐欲迷人眼” 初春在温哥华的Garibaldi Provincial Park snowshoe，我爱这种非高海拔雪山，哈哈纽约，纽约，复杂的城市旧金山的金门大桥，是世界著名的桥梁之一，是近代桥梁工程的一项奇迹。大桥雄峙于美国加利福尼亚州宽1900多米的金门海峡之上，历时4年和10万多吨钢材，耗资达3550万美元建成，由史特劳斯设计。因其历史价值，于2007年由英、美两国合拍成同名纪录片。上面拍的著名其他电影相当不少，从电影“毕业生”、“X战警3”到“007系列”都在这里开拍。顺便插一句：我很喜欢旧金山这个城市，充满了艺术气息。美国非著名国家公园之Bruce Canyon National Park 美国Mt Rainier National Park中的Reflection Lake，这个湖名字就是反射的意思，我去的时候还不是最好加州圣地亚哥San Diego的一个海滩给我亲爱的虎鲸也放一张，这是在圣地亚哥的Sea World。接下来按顺序给大家慢慢道来，后面还有很多很好看的照片)这次20天横扫加拿大的旅程是在2012年8月完成的，当时决定回国，走之前想带着爸爸妈妈玩一次加拿大。不晓得大家觉得带爸妈出游会是一种什么感觉，那次阿林的经历是很累相当累但是又很有成就感。爸爸妈妈不会讲英文，我设计的行程中那些地方自己之前也一次未去过，需要安排相当详细，从各种交通工具到各种酒店。我爸又忘记带驾照。。。所以自驾都是由阿林一个人完成，最长的时候一天开了快10个小时的车。加上觉得那些代理证的其实都有点黑钱的嫌疑，连爸妈的证都是我自己搞的，所以是真的很累。但是要看着爸爸妈妈玩得那么开心，回去之后还一直回味，却也觉得真的很幸福很值得。作为子女，上学之后一直离家在外，玩的时候也多半顾着自己，户外那种爸妈更加无法参加，却忘记了其实他们也希望去看看这大千世界，更加希望享合家团聚的快乐。这次旅程，涉及到加拿大东部四个城市，落基山脚下三个国家公园以及温哥华周边，为了充分体验加拿大，阿林设计的行程使用的交通工具有飞机、火车、轮渡、租的车和自己的车。再贴一下行程计划：D1 北京到温哥华，住温哥华(Vancouver)加东7日：D2 温哥华飞多伦多，住多伦多(Toronto)D3 租车前往尼亚加拉大瀑布(Niagara Falls)，当日返回多伦多，住多伦多(Toronto)D4 白天游多伦多城市，傍晚坐火车前往蒙特利尔，住蒙特利尔(Montreal)D5 上午游蒙特利尔老城区，下午租车前往渥太华，游国会山，住渥太华(Ottawa)D6 开车前往魁北克城，游魁北克老城区，住魁北克(Quebec city)D7 游魁北克城周的脉脉含情瀑布(Montmorency Falls)和圣安妮大峡谷(Canyon Saint-Anne)，之后开车回蒙特利尔，住蒙特利尔(Montreal)D8 游蒙特利尔城区，坐飞机返回温哥华，住温哥华(Vancouver)落基山4日：D9 从温哥华开往Valemount镇，住ValemountD10 游Jasper国家公园，开冰原大道(Icefield Pkway)，晚上到Banff国家公园，住BanffD11 游Banff国家公园，开弓湖河谷公路(Bow Valley Pkwy)，游Yoho国家公园，住灰熊镇(Revelstoke)D12 从灰熊镇开回温哥华，途径鲑鱼湾(Salmon Arm)，住温哥华(Vancouver)温哥华周边（都住在温哥华）：D13 卡皮兰诺吊桥(Capilano)，UBC(英属哥伦比亚大学)D14 温哥华城区，格兰维尔岛(Granville island)，史坦利公园(Stanley park)D15 爬松鸡山(Gross mountain)D16 游白石镇(White rock)D17 游马蹄湾(Horseshoe)，走West dyke trail，游渔港小镇StevestonD18 经海天公路(Sea to sky hwy)到德国小镇惠斯勒(Whistler)D19 坐轮渡去维多利亚(Victoria)，游维多利亚D20 打包行李，晚上去Spanish Banks Beach海滩看晚霞因为温哥华周边有些地方我去过多次，比如史坦利公园、白石镇、惠斯勒、维多利亚等，所以在讲述这些地方的时候，我会把之前自己去过时候拍的照片也插一些进来。在这20天旅程写完之后阿林会把大温地区其他到过的地方也介绍一下，说句真心话，温哥华的确是个宜居的地方，而且非常美丽。先放两张爸爸妈妈的照片，看他们笑得好开心！提前两个月开始弄爸妈证，买机票的事情，列了一个详细的清单出来，大家如果需要也可以按照这个来整理哈，材料齐全应该都没有问。然后从打包行李到如何安检，飞机上注意事项还有下飞机怎么走，足足写了7页纸。还下载了海关入关表填好让他们带着，给他们打印一张纸写着不会讲英文以备不时之需。 D1 北京到温哥华，住温哥华(Vancouver)坐的是国航CA991，北京时间1550上飞机，温哥华时间1150到，北京和温哥华在夏天的时候是16个小时时差（冬天15个，因为夏天有summer saving time，就是国内说的夏令时）。他们好久都没有出来。。。让我担心了个够呛，而且机场停车费也很贵哦。后来晓得还是语言的问，排队排到那里因为语言问又重新排了个队。其实过关的问很简单，无非是：你从哪里来，你都哪里去，你要去干嘛。入境检查官都是哲学家。开始放两张阿林爸妈的，因为温哥华我实在太熟。。。自己懒得照相，后面的会主要放自己的照片哈)温哥华机场 YVR International Airport，也是人流量很大的。最大优点，离城区近，从我住的地方开车10分钟可达。后来还看到参加伦敦奥运的加拿大运动员回国，真心很热闹有没有？加国萌妹子两只，横幅上书：“欢迎回家，我们为你们骄傲”，很有爱。这是阿林给爸妈找的住的地方，温哥华的家庭旅馆，住得还是很舒服的。我没照那么多照片，就直接拿人家网站上的来用了。这家家庭旅馆名字很汗，叫做“温佳堡”。。。为方便后来人，写地址：7751 Mccallan Rd V7C 2H6, Vancouver, 电话：778-968-2326. 为了证明他们的照片基本属实，放两张自己照的，当时木有点灯，所以比较暗。 D2 温哥华飞多伦多，住多伦多(Toronto)当天爸妈都很累，还有时差，就没做太多事情，第二天早上飞机前往多伦多，这是从温哥华机场出发前。航班：Air Canada, Flight 142, 800-1524Air Canada值得一说，和美国的航空公司百花齐放，于是份外便宜不同，加拿大的航空几乎被Air Canada垄断，导致加拿大的机票真心超级贵！看到这些印第安图腾没？这些就是加拿大的历史文化。。。就是收缴了当地印第安人，再拿这个当历史，说实话，阿林一直觉得很扯淡。再放一张爸妈的，从加东开始放我自个的)([

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许佳霖

《寻找贡嘎最佳摄影点的八天七夜》[一] 既然无法逃脱，那就让我们走得更近一点！很多年以前，我第一次走在川西的大地上。新都桥傍晚的暮色中，我回头东望，赫然一排闪着银光的雪山漂浮在空中。我仍然记得，那时我恍惚的神情。后来，有人说，那就是贡嘎。那一年，是2007年。此后的每一年，那漂浮的雪山就一直萦绕着我。2008 年夏天的高尔寺垭口，我终于第一次把贡嘎的群山摄入了我的镜头。我清晰地记得，2008年夏天的早晨，高尔寺山垭口的晨雾中，远处那刺破苍穹的群峰。那一年，我知道，这就是贡嘎。2009年的夏天，川藏南线上留下了我十五天的足迹。这一年，我到了黑石山，找到了《中国国家地理》上那经典的贡嘎群山的摄影位置。《中国国家地理》的摄影师们给这里起了个神秘的名字：贡嘎黑石城。那一天，我也把云雾中的贡嘎群山收入了我的镜头。也就是在这一年，我对自己说：我要穿越贡嘎。也是在2009年，秋天。一次公差的机会让我重返了川西，我再一次来到了海螺沟，终于看到了蓝天下一览无余的贡嘎。可是，我至今仍然不知道，海螺沟冰川上的雪山是不是就是贡嘎的主峰？（查过一些资料，有说是，有说不是，希望8264上的高人给我一个明确的答案。）虽然在海螺沟看到的贡嘎是迄今为止我看到的最坦露的贡嘎，可我心不甘，毕竟那是海螺沟。2010年，我走了阿里大环线，贡嘎又一次留在了身后。记得在阿里的路上，我对我的朋友说：下一站是贡嘎。时间到了2011年，我却又一次把我一年中的唯一休假给了甘青川大环线，完成了我五年藏地的全部计划。可贡嘎，还是又一次虚无漂渺地漂浮在空中，漂浮在我的心头。所幸的是，2011年的十月金秋，在我甘青川大环线回来的三个月后，一个突然而至的机会完成了我多年的夙愿：拥抱贡嘎！五年以来，无论是在新都桥的暮色中，还是在塔公的草原；无论是在高尔寺山的垭口，还是在去居里寺的路上；无论是在二郎山的大渡河边，还是盘桓在剪子弯山；无论是在子梅垭口，还是在玉龙溪的泉华滩；145座5000米以上的雪峰簇拥着的贡嘎主峰，总会在你不经意间突然闯入你的视野。那种君临天下的气概，即便在几百公里之外，你都无法逃脱。既然是无法逃脱，那就让我们走得更近一点！ [二] 贡嘎的最佳摄影点既然是无法逃脱，那就让我们走得更近一点！一直以来，磨房上墨汁的经典贡嘎让一批批的驴友朝圣般地走向贡嘎，我也不例外。但我更欣赏《中国国家地理》摄影师们的严谨，那一幅幅精美的照片和照片背后的故事促使我在金秋的十月背起了行囊。我要找寻他们的足迹。八天七夜的时间里，我列了个单子，妄想把贡嘎的最佳摄影点一网打尽。贡嘎的最佳摄影点：1、子梅垭口2、子梅垭口去子梅村的盘山路上3、贡嘎寺4、泉华滩5、玉龙溪垭口（雅哈垭口）6、黑石山7、高尔寺山垭口8、牛背山而这其中，黑石山和高尔寺山垭口拍摄的贡嘎群峰已收录在了我2009年的镜头中；牛背山虽然在近几年让许多摄友蜂拥而至，但毕竟云雾莫测又远距离于主峰，我不想让有限的时间白白浪费，所以，这次的行程，我选择了前面五个摄影点。[三] 八天七夜的行程设计尽管是十月，一个欣赏川西秋色和贡嘎主峰美好的季节，但出发前的天气让我们忐忑不安，八天七夜的天气预报上尽是一个个阴沉的脸，这让我们的脸也一路阴沉沉的。为了确保能看到主峰，在行程的设计上，我们是三过子梅垭口，并且在子梅垭口下山后，走玉龙溪到甲根坝，这样的好处就是在几天的行走日子里，贡嘎主峰会一直跟随着我们。行程：D1新都桥D2新都桥—九龙D3九龙—伍须海—日鲁库草原—上木居—子梅垭口—上木居（一过子梅垭口看傍晚日照金山）D4上木居—子梅垭口—上子梅村—贡嘎寺（贡嘎主峰山脚）—上子梅村—子梅垭口—玉龙溪（早晨二过子梅垭口，傍晚三过子梅垭口）D5玉龙溪—泉华滩—玉龙溪垭口（雅哈垭口）—新都桥—康定D6康定—木格措—黄龙溪古镇D7黄龙溪古镇—成都D8成都宽窄子巷在以上的行程中，三过子梅垭口让我们终于看到了贡嘎那君临天下的气概和浩瀚的云海；而在泉华滩，我们找到了中国国家地理摄影师拍摄并入选《中国国家地理选美中国》贡嘎群峰的相片的位置，复制了一张几乎相同的相片。如果有人问我，八天七夜的日子里，哪些景色留下了最美的记忆？毫无疑问，那就是一路相随的贡嘎，尤其是在子梅垭口和垭口去上子梅村的盘山路上的贡嘎主峰以及泉华滩上拍摄的贡嘎群峰。当然，除了贡嘎，留给我们美好印象的还有在新都桥遇到的川西今年的第一场暴雪、伍须海的惊艳和新都桥甲根坝的秋色。。。而我们的故事，还得从第一晚新都桥不期而至的暴雪说起。。。 [四] 如果有一天，我老无所依，请把我埋藏在川西的秋天里故事暂且不表，先上几张沿途的PP解解馋。其实，到了新都桥的第一个晚上，川西下了一场暴雪，这也是川西今年的第一场大雪。这场暴雪是我们事先没有预料到的，最深处居然有50CM厚度。当时，我们都傻眼了，我们甚至害怕被困在新都桥，甚至萌发了改变行程的想法，因为我们不确定我们的越野车是否能安全地抵达贡嘎。所幸我们坚持了下来，而随后的一路美景让我们语无伦次：川西的秋色掩映在冬雪之中，片片金色映衬着雪白的世界；而雪后的贡嘎是那么纯净，天是那么湛蓝。感谢川西的暴雪，让我们在秋天的季节里看到了冬天的景致，看到了雪后的蜀山之王。当然，随之得出的结论就是：草人，人品真好！在一路的美景中，同行的耗子情不自禁地高歌：如果有一天，我老无所依，请把我埋在春天里！高反，让我这兄弟已分不清是春天还是秋天了。可是，这是秋天还是冬天呢？我也不知道。我只知道，如果有一天，我老去，请把我埋藏在川西，那是一件幸福的事情。子梅垭口仰望贡嘎主峰子梅垭口到上子梅村的盘山路上的马帮和贡嘎主峰旗云、主峰和牦牛旗云和主峰夕照下的贡嘎云海泉华滩——复制了一张中国国家地理摄影师拍摄的贡嘎群峰伍须海——惊艳的秋雾伍须海—秋天的色彩伍须海—雾松伍须海的松萝伍须海—秋天的邀请甲根坝的冬雪世界楼上的二位大姐大。到底是谁不带谁去啊？西湖的甘青川与我们同一时间却与我们背道而驰，之后又悠哉悠哉去了微笑的柬埔寨；茗禅在我们去甘青川时又一次冒充强驴穿越莲花湖到了贡嘎；抛下吾等三只懒驴，只好乖乖地不拖大姐大们的后腿孤独地在贡嘎自恋一番。还有楼上的本色兄，阿里回来之后，老是想起他那机关枪一样的声音：ISO200，光圈11，暴光减一档。。。估计玛多的惊魂不能让他停止继续前进的脚步。最可气的是成都那二妮子，在康定时，我和达华给她们打电话想让她俩赏给我们一杯成都的功夫茶以庆祝我们胜利穿越贡嘎，没想到她们却跑到九寨去了，害得我们只能在双流独自彷徨，达华甚至忧伤地唱起了：“哥哥找妹泪花流，不见阿妹心忧愁；一路一回头，只好流浪到双流；到了阿妹家门口，阿妹却在九寨沟”。沙德途中朋布西朋布西九龙秋色鸡丑山下人家，让我想起了亚丁和雨崩。日鲁库草原的水云海光影中的达华贡嘎云海藏族人家—拍摄于玉龙溪藏族妇女—拍摄于玉龙溪泉华滩—拍摄贡嘎群峰的绝佳之处贡嘎寺。贡嘎寺是欣赏贡嘎主峰的最佳位置，可惜云雾遮掩。冰河的前端就是主峰的山脚，也是登山大本营。玉龙溪雅哈垭口的贡嘎甲根坝的秋天新都桥—秋天的请柬瓦泽—秋天的倒影瓦泽—秋天的张力折多山木格措([]

小白兔与大灰狼(兄妹h)完整

梁雅文

要命的证遥远的路途妖娆的颜色耀眼的美景欧美混搭环游“半球”66天【圆梦南美情迷巴西】【欧洲走马观花游八国】【捎带脚儿的美国US1公路】7万7千块钱可以做什么？一辆经济型轿车？两克拉的钻石？三平米的房子？还是四季的新衣？五个大牌背包？六晚大溪地双人游……我们用它换来环游欧美“半球”旅行。66天能做什么？减10斤肉？做20个选？写40篇稿子？看80集电视剧……我们用它圆了去南美的梦想，开上最美的跨海公路，走上想了N年的查理大桥。这一路，我们在巴西的大巴上晃荡过、在美国的公路上飞奔过，也在欧洲的土地上暴走过；这一路，我们在葡萄牙14欧一晚的小旅馆睡过、也在里约千元的四星酒店住过，在免费的大沼泽公园里睡过、也在潘塔纳尔五千块的湿地里住过，在各种机场车站麦当劳睡过、也在个别超大面积豪华双人间住过，在阿根廷不知名的宪兵营里睡过（这是一段不堪的经历），也在瑞士十几人的dorm住过；这一路，我们在巴西吃公斤饭、在美国吃炸鸡、在德国吃香肠、在捷克喝啤酒、在葡萄牙吃蛋挞，也在各种hostel的小厨房里自己动手，丰衣足食；这一路，我们穿了裤衩背心儿比基尼，也穿了秋裤皮衣羽绒服；这一路，我们仰望了基督像、也在查理大桥走九遍，开了美国US1、也到了上次遗留的基韦斯特，看了最美波恩樱花道、也见识了世界上最清澈的国王湖。这一路，从北半球到南半球又回北半球；从欧洲到美洲又回欧洲；从冬末到炎夏又回类冬天……这一路，有太多需要纪念。选在今天开始写此行游记，因为今天刚好回来一整月。从2月24日出发到4月30日回家，66天经历太多。算不上精彩，但足够回味，看着带回的一摞摞门票、地图、车票……有的甚至忘了是哪里，这一路的经历与故事，想要印在心里，还要慢慢来。从4月30日中午踏进家门到5月30日提笔，这一个月的时间，我努力将66天的浅层记忆变成深度回忆，无论好与坏，都铭记终生。这样的66天，这辈子，也许，都不会再有了。九图大封面：照例上个手绘路线图，不过我发现自己绘画能力太次，这次实在用一张图表达半个世界，只能再配上google了。欧美混搭环游“半球”66天手绘路线路：巴西线路google地图版、文字版：照例先做封面，不过这次很遗憾，有生之年最伟大的旅行，相机却发生致命的遭遇——第一天镜头就碎了。之后的40多天里，一直用伸缩、对焦都不正常的破镜头对付着，直到旅行后三分之一程才买了新的。那也只是由原来坏掉的尼康套头18-105换成SIGMA18-250，经费有限，只好把更多美好瞬间放在心底。封面照之【美洲】巴西·里约基督山上的仰望巴西·里约面包山上的日落巴西·里约伊帕内玛海滩来了就再也舍不得离开巴西·潘塔纳尔湿地safari找动物、喂蚊子([]

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